護理師與一位年輕成人討論飲酒習慣。下列何者屬於「減害」（harm reduction）觀點的諮詢？
A nurse is discussing alcohol use with a young adult. Which statement is an example of 'harm reduction' counseling?
- AAlcohol is a sin and you should seek spiritual healing酒精是罪惡，你應該尋求靈性療癒
- BIf you choose to drink, please designate a non-drinking driver✓ 正解如果你選擇飲酒，請指定不飲酒的駕駛
- CDrinking once a month is completely safe and encouraged每月飲酒一次是完全安全且被鼓勵的
- DYou must stop drinking immediately or you will develop cirrhosis你必須立即停止飲酒，否則會發展成肝硬化
「減害」（Harm Reduction）策略的核心在於降低高風險行為所帶來的負面後果，而非強求個案完全戒斷。在臨床上，這是一種以人為本、務實的公共衛生介入方法，承認個案可能無法或不願立即改變特定行為，因此轉而提供安全建議，以降低個案及社會面臨的急性危害（如死亡或重傷）。選項 B 鼓勵指定駕駛，是在尊重個案飲酒選擇的前提下，預防酒駕造成的生命威脅，符合減害精神。
The core of the 'Harm Reduction' strategy is to lessen the negative consequences of high-risk behaviors rather than demanding complete abstinence from the client. Clinically, it is a person-centered, pragmatic public-health intervention that acknowledges the client may be unable or unwilling to immediately change a specific behavior, and therefore offers safety advice to reduce the acute harms (such as death or serious injury) faced by the client and society. Option B encourages designating a driver; it respects the client's choice to drink while preventing the life-threatening consequences of drunk driving, which is consistent with the harm-reduction philosophy.