護理師指導病人自我注射皮下胰島素，應包含哪些內容？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a client about self-administration of subcutaneous insulin. Which actions are appropriate for the nurse to include in the instruction? (Select all that apply.)
- ARotate injection sites to prevent lipodystrophy✓ 正解輪替注射部位以預防脂肪營養不良
- BMassage the injection site vigorously after administration給藥後用力按摩注射部位
- CStore unopened insulin vials in the refrigerator✓ 正解將未開啟的胰島素瓶存放於冰箱
- DWash hands thoroughly before preparing the dose✓ 正解準備劑量前徹底洗手
- EClean the skin site with alcohol and allow it to dry completely✓ 正解以酒精清潔皮膚部位並讓其完全乾燥
胰島素注射衛教重點在於預防組織病變與感染。輪替部位可避免脂肪增生或萎縮；胰島素未開封應冷藏，已開封可室溫存放；洗手與酒精消毒是無菌技術的基礎。按摩注射部位會加速吸收，可能導致血糖波動異常，因此不建議按摩。
The focus of patient education for insulin injection is preventing tissue damage and infection. Site rotation prevents lipohypertrophy or lipoatrophy; unopened insulin should be refrigerated, while opened insulin can be stored at room temperature; hand hygiene and alcohol skin antisepsis are the basis of aseptic technique. Massaging the injection site accelerates absorption and may cause abnormal blood glucose fluctuations, so massage is not recommended.
台灣病患教育常見使用胰島素筆，美國則根據保險與經濟狀況可能使用空針抽吸，兩地衛教重點一致。