一位病人被處方低分子量肝素 (LMWH) 注射。下列哪個是關鍵的給藥指示？
A client is prescribed a low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) injection. Which of the following is a key administration instruction?
- AAspirate before injecting.注射前抽吸。
- BMassage the injection site vigorously.用力按摩注射部位。
- CAdminister intramuscularly.肌肉注射。
- DAdminister subcutaneously into the abdomen.✓ 正解皮下注射至腹部。
低分子量肝素（LMWH，如 Enoxaparin）是抗凝血劑，必須經皮下注射以確保緩慢吸收並維持治療濃度。注射部位應選擇腹部外側（肚臍外 2 英吋處），避免肌肉注射以免造成嚴重的局部血腫或組織損傷。此外，注射後不可按摩部位，否則會導致微血管破裂，增加皮下出血風險。護理師應評估出血徵象，並確保注射技巧正確以減少疼痛。
Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH, such as enoxaparin) is an anticoagulant that must be given subcutaneously to ensure slow absorption and maintain therapeutic levels. The injection site should be the lateral abdomen (about 2 inches from the umbilicus), avoiding intramuscular injection so as not to cause severe local hematoma or tissue injury. In addition, the site should not be massaged after injection, since this would rupture capillaries and increase the risk of subcutaneous bleeding. The nurse should assess for signs of bleeding and ensure the correct injection technique to reduce pain.
台灣臨床常見護理師在注射後輕壓，但美國教材強調 LMWH 注射後絕對不可按摩，且 Enoxaparin 注射時不需抽回，這與傳統肌肉注射技巧不同。