— 降低風險 · EASY · SATA —
護理師教導新診斷高血壓的病人，應建議哪些生活型態改變？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a client with newly diagnosed hypertension. Which of the following lifestyle modifications should be recommended? (Select all that apply.)
- ADASH diet adherence✓ 正解遵循 DASH 飲食
- BSmoking cessation✓ 正解戒菸
- CRegular aerobic exercise✓ 正解規律的有氧運動
- DLimit alcohol consumption✓ 正解限制酒精攝取
- EIncrease caffeine intake for alertness增加咖啡因攝取以保持警覺
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
高血壓（Hypertension）的管理重點在於非藥物介入，即「生活型態調整」。DASH 飲食（Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension）透過高纖、低鈉、豐富鉀鎂鈣的飲食組合有效降低血壓。戒菸可減少血管收縮與內皮細胞損傷；規律有氧運動能增強心肺功能並降低血管阻力；限制酒精攝取能避免交感神經興奮導致的血壓飆升。這些皆為第一線治療策略。
Recommended lifestyle modifications include adhering to the DASH diet, smoking cessation, engaging in regular aerobic exercise, and limiting alcohol consumption. These interventions help lower blood pressure by improving cardiovascular health, reducing vascular resistance, and preventing sympathetic nervous system stimulation.