一位病人因手術前禁食（NPO），護理師應如何緩解其口乾不適？
A nurse is caring for a client who is NPO for surgery. Which intervention is most effective in alleviating the client's dry mouth?
- APlace a piece of hard candy in the mouth將硬糖放入口中
- BProvide a damp cloth to moisten the lips✓ 正解提供濕布巾以滋潤嘴唇
- CEncourage the client to gargle with mouthwash鼓勵病人用漱口水漱口
- DAllow the client to drink small sips of water允許病人小口喝水
術前禁食目的為預防麻醉期間嘔吐吸入性肺炎，任何經口攝入（包括水或糖果）均違規。濕潤嘴唇或口腔是減輕乾燥感且不違反禁食原則的最佳方式。使用含酒精漱口水會加重乾燥。護理師應評估病人口腔黏膜完整性並提供口腔護理，同時告知病人術前禁食之重要性以緩解焦慮。
Preoperative NPO status is intended to prevent vomiting and aspiration pneumonia during anesthesia, so any oral intake (including water or hard candy) is contraindicated. Moistening the lips or oral mucosa is the best way to relieve dryness without violating the NPO order. Alcohol-containing mouthwash worsens dryness. The nurse should assess oral mucosal integrity and provide mouth care, while also reinforcing to the patient the importance of preoperative fasting in order to ease anxiety.
台美在嚴格禁食規定上一致，但對於術前禁水時間（美國常見 ASA 指引，術前 2 小時清流質）規範正逐漸採取較彈性做法。