護理師對 40 歲高血脂個案的飲食衛教，哪項正確？
Which dietary instruction for a 40-year-old client with a high lipid profile is correct?
- AEat only one meal a day to burn more fat每天只吃一餐以燃燒更多脂肪
- BIncrease intake of saturated fats增加飽和脂肪的攝取
- CAvoid all fats, even healthy ones避免所有脂肪，即使是健康的脂肪
- DLimit intake of trans fats and refined sugars✓ 正解限制反式脂肪和精製糖的攝取
高血脂（Hyperlipidemia）的飲食管理核心在於降低低密度脂蛋白（LDL）膽固醇並提升心血管健康。反式脂肪與精製糖會促進體內發炎反應並導致代謝紊亂，增加動脈粥狀硬化風險。正確的飲食指導應強調「地中海飲食」原則，即限制飽和脂肪與反式脂肪，並以不飽和脂肪取代。臨床思路應優先考慮長期預後與慢性病的控制，而非極端節食。
The core of dietary management for hyperlipidemia is to lower low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and improve cardiovascular health. Trans fats and refined sugars promote systemic inflammation and cause metabolic dysregulation, increasing the risk of atherosclerosis. Correct dietary instruction should emphasize the principles of the Mediterranean diet—limiting saturated and trans fats and replacing them with unsaturated fats. Clinical reasoning should prioritize long-term prognosis and management of chronic disease rather than extreme dieting.