— 安全與感染控制 · EASY · SATA —
護理師採取哪些行動可降低院內感染（HAIs）的風險？（選所有適合的）
Which actions by the nurse reduce the risk of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs)? (Select all that apply.)
- APerforming hand hygiene before and after client contact✓ 正解在接觸客戶前後執行手部衛生
- BCleaning the stethoscope with alcohol between clients✓ 正解在每位客戶之間使用酒精清潔聽診器
- CUsing sterile technique for peripheral IV insertion✓ 正解對周邊靜脈導管置入使用無菌技術
- DRecapping used needles before disposal丟棄前將使用過的針頭回套帽
- EAdhering to standard precautions for all clients✓ 正解對所有客戶遵循標準預防措施
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
降低院內感染的關鍵在於打破傳播途徑。洗手是最基本且有效的措施；聽診器作為醫療器材，跨床使用需消毒；導管植入需嚴格無菌技術以防血流感染；標準防護是應對所有病人的底線。禁止回套針頭（Option D）是為了防止針扎，非直接降低病人院內感染。
Reducing healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) requires breaking the chain of transmission. Hand hygiene is the single most effective measure; shared equipment such as stethoscopes must be disinfected between clients; sterile technique during IV insertion prevents bloodstream infection; standard precautions are applied to all clients. Recapping used needles (D) is prohibited because of needlestick risk to staff and does not directly reduce client HAI risk.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台在針扎預防的衛教上一致，台灣目前已全面推廣安全針具與防穿刺容器使用。