— 健康促進與維護 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
一位有大腸癌家族史的客戶諮詢預防建議，下列哪項是目前最有效的初級預防策略？
A nurse is counseling a client with a family history of colon cancer. What is the most significant primary prevention strategy?
- AIncrease dietary fiber and decrease red meat consumption✓ 正解增加膳食纖維攝取並減少紅肉食用
- BTake daily multivitamin supplements每日服用綜合維生素補充劑
- CUndergo colonoscopy starting at age 40從 40 歲開始接受大腸鏡檢查
- DSchedule annual fecal occult blood testing安排每年進行糞便潛血測試
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
初級預防著重改變生活型態以降低發病風險。飲食調整，如攝取高纖維（促進腸道蠕動）與減少紅肉加工肉品（降低致癌物質積聚），是減少癌症風險的基礎。選項 C 與 D 屬於次級預防（篩檢），透過早期發現病灶治療，而非防止發生。
Primary prevention focuses on lifestyle modifications to reduce the risk of disease onset. Dietary adjustments, such as increasing fiber intake (which promotes intestinal motility) and reducing red and processed meat consumption (which reduces accumulation of carcinogens), are foundational measures to reduce cancer risk. Options C and D represent secondary prevention (screening), aimed at early detection and treatment of lesions, not prevention of disease occurrence.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台灣因健保普及，大腸癌篩檢推廣力度極大，民眾對篩檢認知遠高於營養預防。