— 安全與感染控制 · HARD · SATA —
下列哪些行為是護理師預防醫療相關感染（HAIs）的正確措施？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following are appropriate nursing actions to prevent healthcare-associated infections (HAIs)? (Select all that apply.)
- APerforming hand hygiene before and after touching a client✓ 正解在接觸病人前後執行手部衛生
- BUsing aseptic technique for invasive procedures✓ 正解對侵入性程序使用無菌技術
- CRecapping used needles to prevent needlestick injuries重新套上針頭護套以防止針刺傷害
- DCleaning shared equipment between clients✓ 正解在病人之間清潔共用設備
- EPromoting immunization for patients and staff✓ 正解推廣病人及員工的免疫接種
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
預防 HAIs 的核心包括：嚴格手部衛生、侵入性處置使用無菌技術、環境器材清潔消毒以及疫苗接種。C 選項絕對錯誤，嚴禁重新套上針頭（Recapping），這是導致針扎意外的主因，應直接丟棄於尖銳物容器中。
HAI prevention includes strict hand hygiene, aseptic technique for invasive procedures, cleaning shared equipment, and promoting immunization. Recapping used needles (C) is absolutely contraindicated because it is the leading cause of needlestick injury; needles should be discarded immediately in a sharps container.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台灣臨床上回套針頭的習慣已大幅減少，但在偏鄉或舊制環境仍偶有聽聞；美國則有嚴格的 OSHA 規範。