護理師照護一位氣喘病人。應建議病人避免哪項環境觸發因子？

氣喘（Asthma）是一種慢性氣道炎症反應，病人對環境觸發因子極為敏感。常見觸發因子包括塵蟎、花粉、動物皮屑、二手菸、冷空氣與強烈情緒。塵蟎是居家環境中最常見的過敏原，透過改善環境衛生（如勤洗寢具、使用防蟎套、移除地毯）可有效減少發作。適度運動通常是被鼓勵的，除非是運動誘發型氣喘，否則不需刻意避免；陽光與飲水皆非氣喘的直接觸發因子。

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disorder, and patients are sensitive to environmental triggers including dust mites, pollen, pet dander, secondhand smoke, cold air, and strong emotions. Dust mites are the most common indoor allergen; environmental hygiene (washing bedding, mattress covers, removing carpets) reduces attacks. Moderate exercise is generally encouraged unless exercise-induced. Sunlight and water are not asthma triggers.