— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
病人獲醫囑給予靜脈注射氯化鉀 20 mEq。護理師在給藥前採取哪項行動最為適當?
A client is prescribed intravenous potassium chloride 20 mEq. Which nursing action is most appropriate before administration?
- ACheck for adequate urinary output✓ 正解確認尿量充足
- BAdminister the dose as a rapid IV push作為快速靜脈推注給藥
- CDilute the medication in 500 mL of normal saline將藥物稀釋於500 mL生理鹽水中
- DObtain a baseline electrocardiogram取得基線心電圖
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
靜脈注射氯化鉀(IV Potassium Chloride)具有高度風險。鉀離子過高(高血鉀)會導致嚴重的致命性心律不整(如心室顫動)。因此,給藥前必須確保病人的排泄功能正常,即有足夠的尿量(通常建議 >30 mL/hr),以確保鉀離子能經由腎臟排出。若無尿或尿量過少,給予鉀離子將導致危險的血鉀累積。
IV potassium chloride is high-risk; hyperkalemia can cause life-threatening dysrhythmias such as ventricular fibrillation. Before administration, the nurse must confirm adequate urine output (typically >30 mL/hr) so potassium can be excreted by the kidneys. Inadequate urine output makes potassium administration dangerous.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國醫院對於鉀離子給藥有極嚴格的「高警訊藥物(High-Alert Medication)」管理流程,通常需要雙人核對(Double-check),且必須確保經由輸液幫浦(Infusion Pump)給予。