病人正在服用阿托伐他汀（Atorvastatin）。護理師應指導病人立即回報哪種嚴重副作用？
A client is taking Atorvastatin. The nurse should instruct the client to report which serious adverse effect immediately?
- AConstipation便秘
- BMild nausea輕微噁心
- CMuscle pain or tenderness✓ 正解肌肉疼痛或壓痛
- DHeadache頭痛
阿托伐他汀（Atorvastatin）屬於他汀類（Statins）藥物，主要用於降低膽固醇，是治療高血脂的常用藥物。然而，這類藥物存在潛在的嚴重副作用，其中最令人擔憂的是橫紋肌溶解症（Rhabdomyolysis）。橫紋肌溶解症是一種肌肉組織快速分解，釋放肌紅蛋白（Myoglobin）到血液中的嚴重疾病，可能導致急性腎損傷，甚至危及生命。因此，護理師在衛教病人時，必須明確告知病人如何辨識並立即回報此類嚴重副作用的早期徵兆。及早發現並處理是預防嚴重併發症的關鍵。
Atorvastatin is a statin used to lower cholesterol and is a common medication for treating hyperlipidemia. However, this class has potential serious adverse effects, the most concerning being rhabdomyolysis. Rhabdomyolysis is a serious condition involving rapid breakdown of muscle tissue and release of myoglobin into the bloodstream, which can lead to acute kidney injury and even death. Therefore, when educating the client, the nurse must clearly instruct on how to recognize and immediately report the early signs of such serious side effects. Early identification and management are key to preventing serious complications.
在台灣和美國，他汀類藥物（如Atorvastatin）的臨床應用與副作用監測原則基本一致，橫紋肌溶解症都是最受重視的潛在風險。兩地護理師都會強調肌肉疼痛等症狀的立即回報。用藥劑量和指引也大致相同，皆依據國際血脂治療準則。然而，美國可能更頻繁地進行例行性肝功能和肌酸激酶監測，作為預防性措施。