護理師正在審核一位有氣喘病史病人的給藥紀錄。護理師應針對下列哪種藥物向醫療團隊進一步確認?
The nurse is reviewing the medication administration record of a client with a history of asthma. Which medication should the nurse clarify with the healthcare provider?
- AAlbuterol inhalerAlbuterol inhaler(沙丁胺醇吸入劑)
- BTheophyllineTheophylline(茶鹼)
- CMontelukastMontelukast(孟魯司特)
- DPropranolol✓ 正解Propranolol(普萘洛爾)
對於氣喘(Asthma)或慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)病人,非選擇性 β 受體阻斷劑(Non-selective beta-blockers),如 Propranolol,是臨床禁忌。這類藥物同時阻斷 β1(心臟)和 β2(支氣管)受體。阻斷 β2 受體會導致支氣管收縮(Bronchoconstriction),誘發嚴重的氣喘發作。A 選項是支氣管擴張劑;B 選項是平滑肌鬆弛劑;C 選項是白三烯素拮抗劑,皆可用於治療氣喘。護理師必須具備跨系統(心血管與呼吸)的藥理邏輯,識別出潛在的藥物併發症風險。這是安全給藥中關於「共病禁忌」的經典考題。
Propranolol is a non-selective beta-blocker that antagonizes both beta-1 and beta-2 receptors, which can induce bronchoconstriction and precipitate severe asthma attacks. Therefore, it is contraindicated in clients with a history of asthma. Other listed medications, such as albuterol, theophylline, and montelukast, are appropriate for asthma management as they act as bronchodilators or anti-inflammatory agents without causing airway narrowing.
美國 NCLEX 非常強調「Beta-blockers and Respiratory disease」的連結。台灣臨床上,醫師在開立 Propranolol(常用於甲亢或焦慮)時,護理師需特別核對病人的過敏史與呼吸道病史,這在預防醫源性氣喘發作中極為重要。