護理師照護一位放置鼻胃管（NG）的病人。哪些行動對安全至關重要？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client with a nasogastric tube (NG). Which actions are essential for safety? (Select all that apply.)
- AVerify tube placement before administering feedings✓ 正解給藥前確認管路位置
- BFlush the tube with 30 mL of water after medication administration✓ 正解給藥後以 30 mL 水沖洗管路
- CCheck residual volume every hour每小時檢查殘餘量
- DKeep the head of the bed elevated at 30-45 degrees✓ 正解將床頭抬高 30-45 度
- EIrrigate the tube with soda or juice if clogged若管路堵塞，以汽水或果汁沖洗
鼻胃管安全原則包括：餵食前確認位置、給藥後沖洗（防止阻塞）、維持床頭抬高（防逆流）。檢查殘餘量（residual）應依醫院規範，並非每小時檢查（過頻繁會導致流失電解質）。不可使用汽水或果汁沖洗，因酸性會導致管路中蛋白質結塊。
Nasogastric tube safety principles include: verifying tube placement before feedings, flushing after medication administration (to prevent clogging), and maintaining head-of-bed elevation (to prevent reflux). Residual volume should be checked according to facility policy, not every hour (overly frequent checks lead to loss of electrolytes). Soda or juice should never be used to irrigate the tube, because acidic fluids cause protein in the formula to clump within the tubing.
美國現在較少使用聽診法測試 NG，多以 X 光確認初次位置；台灣臨床聽診法仍普遍，但需搭配抽吸液 PH 值輔助。