護理師照護一位活動性結核病病人。進入病房時需要哪些防護裝備？
A nurse is caring for a client with active Tuberculosis. Which PPE is required for the nurse to enter the room?
- AN95 respirator, gown, and gloves✓ 正解N95 口罩、隔離衣和手套
- BSurgical mask and eye protection外科口罩和護目鏡
- CN95 respirator and face shieldN95 口罩和面罩
- DSurgical mask, gown, and gloves外科口罩、隔離衣和手套
結核病（Tuberculosis, TB）透過空氣微粒傳播，病原體可懸浮於空氣中數小時。護理師進入活動性結核病患病房時，必須嚴格執行空氣隔離措施（Airborne Precautions）。正確的個人防護裝備（PPE）包含能過濾微小微粒的 N95 口罩、隔離衣（gown）及手套，以防止吸入病原體及接觸傳染。其他選項忽略了空氣傳播的特性，僅使用外科口罩無法有效阻擋結核桿菌。
Tuberculosis (TB) is transmitted through airborne particles that can remain suspended in the air for several hours. When entering the room of a client with active TB, the nurse must strictly follow Airborne Precautions. The correct personal protective equipment (PPE) includes an N95 respirator capable of filtering small particles, a gown, and gloves to prevent inhalation of the pathogen and contact transmission. The other options ignore the airborne nature of TB; a surgical mask alone cannot effectively block Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
美國醫院對於結核病隔離極為嚴格，通常要求病患安置於負壓隔離病房（AIIR），護理人員進入前必須完成 N95 口罩的密合度測試（Fit-testing），這是雇主必須提供的職前訓練。