護理師與中年成人討論健康促進。下列何者被視為初級預防策略？
A nurse is discussing health promotion with a middle-aged adult. Which of the following is considered a primary prevention strategy?
- ABlood pressure check血壓測量
- BEncouraging a well-balanced diet✓ 正解鼓勵均衡飲食
- CRoutine cholesterol screening常規膽固醇篩檢
- DSelf-breast examination自我乳房檢查
初級預防 (Primary Prevention) 的核心目標是「預防疾病或受傷的發生」，透過健康促進與保護措施來降低風險因子。鼓勵均衡飲食屬於健康促進，旨在提升整體健康狀態並預防慢性病發展，屬於預防階段。其餘選項皆涉及篩檢，屬於次級預防 (Secondary Prevention)，目的是在疾病早期階段進行偵測，以便及早治療。臨床決策中，區分預防層級有助於釐清護理介入的目標，初級預防強調生活方式改變與教育。
The core goal of primary prevention is to 'prevent disease or injury from occurring' through health promotion and protective measures that reduce risk factors. Encouraging a well-balanced diet falls under health promotion, aimed at improving overall health and preventing chronic disease, and is therefore a primary prevention measure. The remaining options involve screening, which is part of secondary prevention—detecting disease in its early stages to enable timely treatment. In clinical decision-making, distinguishing among levels of prevention helps clarify the goal of nursing interventions; primary prevention emphasizes lifestyle change and education.