護理師向 55 歲客戶說明癌症預防，哪項建議屬於一級預防策略？
A nurse is teaching a 55-year-old client about cancer prevention. Which recommendation should the nurse include as a primary prevention strategy?
- AUndergoing a colonoscopy every ten years每十年接受一次大腸鏡檢查
- BScheduling an annual mammogram安排年度乳房攝影檢查
- CHaving a prostate-specific antigen test接受前列腺特異性抗原檢測
- DMaintaining a healthy body mass index✓ 正解維持健康的體重指數
一級預防（Primary prevention）的目的在於「預防疾病的發生」，透過改變生活型態、健康促進或環境改善來降低風險。維持健康 BMI 值屬於生活型態調整，能直接降低肥胖相關癌症的發生率。反之，乳房攝影、大腸鏡及 PSA 檢測屬於二級預防（Secondary prevention），目的是透過篩檢在疾病早期階段發現病變。
The purpose of primary prevention is to 'prevent the onset of disease' through lifestyle modification, health promotion, or environmental improvement that reduces risk. Maintaining a healthy BMI is a lifestyle modification that directly reduces the incidence of obesity-related cancers. By contrast, mammography, colonoscopy, and PSA testing are secondary prevention measures intended to detect disease in its early stages through screening.