護理師應優先對哪些病人採取感染隔離措施，以防止院內感染擴散？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following clients should the nurse prioritize to prevent the spread of infection within a facility? (Select all that apply.)
- AClient with suspected Mycobacterium tuberculosis✓ 正解疑似結核分枝桿菌感染的個案
- BClient with confirmed Clostridioides difficile✓ 正解確診艰难梭菌感染的個案
- CClient with localized viral exanthema局部病毒性皮疹的個案
- DClient with confirmed Varicella-zoster✓ 正解確診水痘帶狀疱疹病毒的個案
- EClient with RSV-induced bronchiolitis✓ 正解呼吸道融合病毒引起的細支氣管炎的個案
護理師在預防感染擴散時，必須依據傳染途徑採取對應的隔離措施（Transmission-based precautions）。肺結核（Mycobacterium tuberculosis）需空氣隔離（Airborne）；困難梭菌（C. difficile）需接觸隔離（Contact），且必須使用肥皂洗手以清除芽孢；水痘（Varicella-zoster）需空氣與接觸隔離；RSV 則需接觸與飛沫隔離。護理師應優先將這些傳染性強且對院內病人具有重大威脅的病人進行隔離，以切斷傳播鏈。
When preventing the spread of infection, the nurse must apply transmission-based precautions appropriate to the route of transmission. Tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) requires airborne precautions; Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) requires contact precautions, with soap and water handwashing required to remove spores; varicella-zoster requires both airborne and contact precautions; RSV requires contact and droplet precautions. The nurse must prioritize isolating clients whose pathogens are highly transmissible and pose a major threat to other hospitalized patients, in order to interrupt the chain of transmission.
美國醫院對於困難梭菌（C. difficile）的隔離政策極為嚴格，通常在檢驗結果出來前，只要有疑似症狀就會啟動接觸隔離（Empiric precautions）。