病人因深層靜脈栓塞接受肝素（Heparin）點滴治療。護理師應監測哪些潛在的不良反應？（選所有適合的）
A client is receiving heparin infusion for a DVT. Which signs of potential adverse reactions must the nurse monitor? (Select all that apply.)
- AHematuria✓ 正解血尿
- BDecreased platelet count✓ 正解血小板計數下降
- CEcchymosis at injection sites✓ 正解注射部位瘀斑
- DTinnitus耳鳴
- EBleeding gums✓ 正解牙齦出血
肝素（Heparin）是一種高警訊藥物（High-alert medication），其主要治療目標為抗凝血，但同時伴隨嚴重的出血風險與免疫反應。護理師需監測臨床出血徵兆，並定期追蹤凝血功能（如aPTT）及血小板計數，以早期發現肝素誘發之血小板低下症（HIT）。HIT 是一種免疫介導的嚴重併發症，可能導致血栓形成，需立即停藥。
Heparin is a high-alert anticoagulant medication; while its primary effect is anticoagulation, it carries serious bleeding and immune-mediated risks. The nurse must monitor for clinical bleeding signs and routinely check coagulation parameters (aPTT) and platelet count to detect heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). HIT is a severe immune-mediated complication that can paradoxically cause thrombosis and requires immediate discontinuation of heparin.