— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · HARD · MCQ —
病人每日服用利尿劑 Furosemide 40 mg。下列哪項評估發現暗示藥物有潛在副作用？
A client is prescribed furosemide 40 mg PO daily. Which assessment finding indicates a potential adverse effect?
- AIncreased energy levels精力增加
- BMuscle weakness and cramping✓ 正解肌肉無力與痙攣
- CImproved peripheral edema周邊水腫改善
- DStable blood pressure血壓穩定
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
Furosemide 為強效環利尿劑（Loop Diuretic），其藥理機轉為抑制亨利氏環（Loop of Henle）的鈉、鉀、氯共同運輸器，導致鉀離子隨尿液大量流失。低鉀血症（Hypokalemia）會影響肌肉收縮與神經傳導，表現為肌肉無力、抽筋、心律不整等。護理師給藥時需密切監測電解質，並鼓勵攝取富含鉀離子的食物。
Furosemide is a potent loop diuretic that inhibits the Na/K/2Cl co-transporter in the loop of Henle, leading to significant urinary loss of potassium. Hypokalemia affects muscle contraction and nerve conduction and manifests as muscle weakness, cramping, and dysrhythmias. When giving the drug, the nurse must monitor electrolytes closely and encourage intake of potassium-rich foods.