護理師為出生兩天的足月新生兒評估。哪項發現需要立即追蹤？
A nurse is performing a physical assessment on a 2-day-old neonate. Which finding would require immediate follow-up?
- AA small amount of pink-tinged discharge in the diaper of a female女嬰尿布上有少量粉紅色分泌物。
- BVisible jaundice on the chest and face✓ 正解胸部和臉部可見黃疸。
- CA respiratory rate of 45 breaths per minute呼吸頻率為每分鐘45次。
- DMilia across the bridge of the nose鼻樑上散佈粟粒疹。
新生兒黃疸分為生理性與病理性。出生 24 小時內出現的黃疸，或黃疸範圍快速擴散至軀幹、四肢，通常被視為病理性黃疸，可能與溶血性疾病、肝膽異常有關，需立即進行血清膽紅素監測（TSB）與臨床評估。其他選項如粟粒疹（Milia）、女性新生兒的偽月經（Pink-tinged discharge，因母體荷爾蒙消退）以及 45 次/分的呼吸速率，皆屬於新生兒常見的正常生理現象。
Neonatal jaundice is divided into physiological and pathological forms. Jaundice that appears within the first 24 hours of life, or that spreads rapidly to the trunk and extremities, is generally considered pathological and may be related to hemolytic disease or hepatobiliary abnormalities; immediate measurement of total serum bilirubin (TSB) and clinical evaluation are required. The other findings, such as milia, pseudomenstruation in a female newborn (pink-tinged discharge caused by withdrawal of maternal hormones), and a respiratory rate of 45 breaths per minute, are all common normal physiological phenomena in newborns.