護理師教導慢性阻塞性肺病（COPD）病人如何預防呼吸道感染，應包含哪些內容？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a client with COPD how to prevent respiratory infections. What should be included? (Select all that apply.)
- AReceive annual influenza vaccination✓ 正解接種年度流感疫苗
- BAvoid large crowds during flu season✓ 正解流感季節避免前往人群擁擠處
- CIncrease fluid intake to thin secretions✓ 正解增加水分攝取以稀釋分泌物
- DStop smoking immediately✓ 正解立即戒菸
- EMaintain physical activity as tolerated✓ 正解在耐受範圍內維持身體活動
慢性阻塞性肺病（COPD）病人因肺部氣體交換功能受損及纖毛清除功能下降，極易因呼吸道感染引發急性惡化。護理目標在於增強免疫力、減少病原體曝露及促進呼吸道分泌物排出。護理師應衛教病人採取全面的預防措施，包括疫苗接種以建立主動免疫，生活型態調整以減少環境刺激與感染源，以及透過水分攝取來稀釋痰液，降低感染風險。
Clients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have impaired pulmonary gas exchange and reduced ciliary clearance, making them highly susceptible to acute exacerbations triggered by respiratory infections. Nursing goals focus on boosting immunity, reducing exposure to pathogens, and promoting clearance of respiratory secretions. The nurse should teach a comprehensive prevention strategy that includes vaccination to build active immunity, lifestyle modifications to reduce environmental irritants and infection sources, and adequate fluid intake to thin secretions and lower the risk of infection.