— 安全與感染控制 · EASY · MCQ —
護理師照顧一位痰液培養呈現結核分枝桿菌陽性的病人，應執行哪種傳播預防措施？
A nurse is caring for a client who has a positive result on a sputum culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Which transmission-based precaution should the nurse implement?
- AAirborne precautions✓ 正解空氣傳播預防措施
- BDroplet precautions飛沫傳播預防措施
- CProtective environment保護性環境
- DContact precautions接觸傳播預防措施
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
結核病透過飛沫核（Droplet nuclei）傳播，懸浮於空氣中時間長且能飄散至遠處，因此需執行空氣防護措施。病室必須為負壓病房，且醫護人員需佩戴 N95 口罩。接觸與飛沫預防措施無法阻擋結核菌的微小粒子，保護性環境則是給予免疫不全病人使用。
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is transmitted via airborne droplet nuclei that remain suspended in the air, necessitating strict airborne precautions. This includes placing the client in a negative-pressure room and requiring healthcare providers to wear N95 respirators to prevent inhalation of infectious particles.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台對於結核病隔離規範高度一致，皆嚴格要求負壓隔離與 N95 使用，惟台灣個案通報管理系統與衛生所追蹤機制更為密實。