護理師照護一位中風後有吞嚥困難（dysphagia）的病人，下列何項護理措施對預防吸入性肺炎最重要？
A nurse is caring for a client recovering from a stroke who has dysphagia. Which nursing intervention is most important for preventing aspiration?
- AThicken liquids to nectar or pudding consistency將液體增稠至nectar或pudding濃度
- BElevate the head of the bed to 45 degrees during meals and 30 degrees afterward✓ 正解進餐時將床頭抬高45度，餐後抬高30度
- CEncourage the client to perform chin tuck maneuvers鼓勵病人進行下巴收縮動作
- DFeed the client small, bite-sized pieces of food餵食小塊食物
對於吞嚥困難（dysphagia）的病人，維持正確體位是預防吸入性肺炎（aspiration pneumonia）的第一道防線。將床頭抬高（Head of Bed, HOB）至 45-90 度（通常建議至少 45 度），能利用重力防止胃內容物逆流，並使食物順利通過食道進入胃部。進食後應維持該姿勢至少 30-60 分鐘，以確保食物完全進入消化道。相較於調整食物黏稠度或進食技巧，體位控制是所有吞嚥照護的基礎，也是最能直接影響安全性的物理措施。
For clients with dysphagia, correct positioning is the first line of defense against aspiration pneumonia. Elevating the head of the bed (HOB) to 45-90 degrees (commonly at least 45 degrees) uses gravity to prevent gastric reflux and helps food move smoothly through the esophagus into the stomach. The client should maintain this position for at least 30-60 minutes after eating to ensure that food reaches the digestive tract. Compared with adjusting food consistency or feeding techniques, position control is the foundation of all swallowing care and is the physical measure with the most direct impact on safety.