— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · HARD · SATA —
客戶正在靜脈滴注氯化鉀，下列哪些發現顯示護理師應立即停止輸注？（選所有適合的）
A client is receiving an intravenous infusion of potassium chloride. Which findings indicate the nurse should stop the infusion immediately? (Select all that apply.)
- AComplaints of burning at the IV site✓ 正解主訴靜脈注射部位有灼熱感
- BPresence of red, swollen streaks along the vein✓ 正解沿著靜脈出現紅腫條紋
- CSerum potassium level of 4.2 mEq/L血清鉀濃度為 4.2 mEq/L
- DInfiltration of the IV site✓ 正解靜脈注射部位滲漏
- EClient reports feeling dizzy病患報告感到頭暈
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
氯化鉀具有高度刺激性，若發生外滲或靜脈炎，會造成嚴重的組織壞死。燃燒感、靜脈發紅腫脹、浸潤皆為外滲徵兆。必須立即停止輸注以防化學性損傷，並依醫療院所規範處理。而血鉀 4.2 及頭暈並非立即停止 KCl 的絕對指徵。
Potassium chloride is highly irritating; extravasation or phlebitis can cause serious tissue necrosis. Burning, red and swollen streaks along the vein, and infiltration are all signs of extravasation. The infusion must be stopped immediately to prevent chemical injury and managed per facility policy. A serum potassium of 4.2 and dizziness are not absolute indications to stop the KCl infusion.
✦ 台美臨床差異
兩地均極度重視 KCl 給藥安全性，美國對 PICC 或中央靜脈導管輸注 KCl 的規範較多，台灣則常規使用週邊靜脈輸注且需嚴格監測。