— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師準備發藥給多位病人。為確保用藥安全，應採取哪些措施？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is preparing to administer medications to multiple clients. Which actions should the nurse take to ensure medication safety? (Select all that apply.)
- AUse two patient identifiers before every medication administration✓ 正解每次給藥前使用兩項病人識別資料
- BVerify drug allergies in the electronic health record✓ 正解在電子健康病歷中確認藥物過敏史
- CCheck the medication label against the MAR three times✓ 正解將藥物標籤與給藥紀錄單（MAR）核對三次
- DAllow the client to take medications without supervision if they are alert若病人意識清醒，允許其在無人監督下服用藥物
- EClarify any illegible or incomplete medication orders✓ 正解澄清任何字跡不清或不完整的藥物醫囑
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
確保用藥安全須遵循「五或六個對」（Right patient, drug, dose, route, time），需確認病人兩項識別資料、過敏史、確實核對三讀五對，並對不清楚的醫囑積極確認。D 選項錯誤，即使病人清醒，給藥護理師仍須目視病人服下。
Medication safety requires adherence to the 'five (or six) rights' (right patient, drug, dose, route, time). Two patient identifiers, allergy verification, the three-check rule, and active clarification of unclear orders are all required. Option D is incorrect; even when the patient is alert, the administering nurse must observe the patient taking the medication.
✦ 台美臨床差異
兩地醫療機構皆實施嚴格的給藥安全流程，台灣強調「三讀五對」，美國則更多利用條碼給藥系統（BCMA）。