護理師教導一群勞工如何預防背部傷害。應教授哪些技術？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is advising a group of workers on preventing back injuries. What techniques should be taught? (Select all that apply.)
- AKeep the object close to the body✓ 正解將物體靠近身體
- BTwist at the waist to turn以腰部扭轉來轉身
- CBend at the knees when lifting✓ 正解搬起時彎曲膝蓋
- DUse a wide base of support✓ 正解使用寬闊的支撐基底
- ELift with your back muscles使用背部肌肉搬起
人體工學原則（Ergonomics）是預防職業性背部傷害的基礎。正確的搬運技巧包括：縮短負載距離（靠近身體）、膝蓋彎曲（利用大腿肌肉而非背部）、維持穩定的基底（雙腳分開）。絕對禁止扭腰（Twisting），因為這會對脊椎產生極大的剪力，極易造成椎間盤突出或肌肉拉傷。護理師在進行衛教時，應示範正確動作並強調背部肌肉無法負荷重物，必須善用強壯的下肢肌群。
Ergonomic principles are the basis of occupational back injury prevention. Correct lifting includes keeping the load close to the body, bending the knees (using thigh muscles instead of the back), and maintaining a wide base of support. Twisting at the waist is forbidden because it creates shear forces on the spine and easily causes disc herniation or muscle strain. The nurse should demonstrate correct techniques and emphasize that the back muscles cannot bear heavy loads—strong lower-body muscles must be used.