— 安全與感染控制 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
護理師照護一位有 HIV 病史的病人，應執行何種防護措施？
A nurse is caring for a client with a history of HIV. Which precautions should the nurse implement?
- AProtective isolation保護性隔離
- BContact precautions接觸隔離
- CStandard precautions✓ 正解標準防護措施
- DAirborne precautions空氣隔離
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
HIV 主要透過血液、精液、陰道分泌物與母乳傳播，不透過空氣、飛沫或一般接觸傳播。因此，照顧 HIV 病人時，只需採取標準防護措施（Standard Precautions），即接觸任何體液時佩戴手套、必要時穿隔離衣與口罩。不需要額外的隔離措施（如接觸或空氣隔離），這能保護病人隱私並避免不必要的隔離帶來的心理壓力。
HIV is transmitted through blood, semen, vaginal secretions, and breast milk, not through air, droplets, or casual contact. Therefore, only standard precautions are required—wearing gloves when contacting body fluids and using gowns or masks if needed. Additional isolation (contact or airborne) is not necessary, protecting client privacy and avoiding unnecessary psychological burden.