護理師照護一位有癲癇病史的病人。應執行哪些預防措施？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client with a history of seizures. Which of the following precautions should the nurse implement? (Select all that apply.)
- AKeep a padded tongue blade at the bedside在病床邊備有包襯的壓舌板
- BEnsure side rails are padded✓ 正解確保床欄有軟墊保護
- CKeep the bed in the lowest position✓ 正解將床置於最低位置
- DMaintain suction equipment at the bedside✓ 正解在病床邊準備抽吸設備
- ERestrain the client's extremities during the seizure在癲癇發作期間約束病人的四肢
癲癇（Seizure）預防措施的核心在於「維持環境安全」並「預防受傷」。在發作過程中，護理師的首要任務是保護病人的頭部，並移除周圍危險物品。床欄軟墊可防止病人在肢體抽搐時撞擊床欄導致骨折或擦傷；床位降至最低則是預防跌落受傷的基礎安全措施；而吸引器（Suction）則是為了在發作後，病人若出現嘔吐或分泌物過多時，能及時清理呼吸道，防止吸入性肺炎。護理師應採取「保護性」而非「限制性」措施。
Seizure precautions focus on maintaining environmental safety and preventing injury. During a seizure, the priority is to protect the head and remove hazards. Padded side rails prevent injury during convulsions; the lowest bed position reduces fall injury; suction equipment allows immediate airway clearance if vomiting or excessive secretions occur post-ictally. Interventions should be protective, not restrictive.
在美國臨床實務中，絕對禁止在發作時使用壓舌板或強行撬開牙關，這點與台灣現行教育趨勢一致。美國護理師更重視預防性環境佈置，並強制要求病房內隨時備有正常運作的吸引設備。