— 健康促進與維護 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師評估 12 個月大幼兒的健康檢查，預期會看到哪些發展指標？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is assessing a 12-month-old child at a well-child visit. Which findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.)
- ABuilds a tower of two blocks✓ 正解搭建兩塊積木的塔
- BSays at least one or two words✓ 正解至少說出一到兩個單字
- CWalks with assistance or takes independent steps✓ 正解輔步行走或獨立跨步
- DUses a cup with a lid independently獨立使用帶蓋的水杯
- EShows signs of stranger anxiety✓ 正解出現對陌生人的焦慮
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
12 個月大幼兒的發展里程碑包括：粗動作可扶走或嘗試獨立跨步；細動作能堆疊兩塊積木；語言方面能說出簡單詞彙（如媽媽、爸爸）；情緒上對陌生人保持警覺（陌生人焦慮）。D選項使用含蓋杯子通常在 15-18 個月才較為純熟，12 個月仍需成人協助。
Developmental milestones for a 12-month-old include: gross motor — walking with support or attempting independent steps; fine motor — stacking two blocks; language — saying simple words (such as mama, dada); and emotional — showing wariness of strangers (stranger anxiety). Option D, using a cup with a lid independently, is typically achieved at 15-18 months; at 12 months the child still needs adult assistance.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台美在嬰幼兒發展量表評估標準一致，臨床多採用丹佛發展篩檢量表（DDST）。