護理師協助有姿勢性低血壓病史的高齡病人下床活動。下列哪項措施對確保病人安全最重要？
A nurse is preparing to assist an older adult client with ambulation who has a history of orthostatic hypotension. Which action is most important to ensure client safety?
- AAdminister an antihypertensive medication prior to ambulation在步行前給予抗高血壓藥物
- BHave the client ambulate immediately after awakening讓病人在醒來後立即步行
- CInstruct the client to sit at the edge of the bed for one minute before standing✓ 正解指示病人在站立前於床緣坐一分鐘
- DApply elastic compression stockings while the client is standing在病人站立時穿戴彈性加壓襪
姿勢性低血壓多因姿勢改變導致腦部血流灌流不足，引起暈眩。緩慢變換姿勢（如床緣坐姿 1-2 分鐘）能給予血管壓力反射調節的時間，有效預防跌倒。藥物給予、過早下床或穿著方式錯誤皆非預防機制，正確的節奏調整是預防跌倒的首要步驟。
Orthostatic hypotension most often results from positional changes that cause inadequate cerebral perfusion, leading to dizziness. Changing position slowly (such as sitting at the edge of the bed for 1-2 minutes) allows the baroreceptor reflex time to adjust and effectively prevents falls. Administering medications, ambulating too soon, or applying stockings incorrectly are not preventive measures; pacing positional changes appropriately is the first-line strategy for fall prevention.
美台臨床皆重視防跌，但美國醫院廣泛使用床邊防跌警報系統，台灣則較依賴家屬陪同與護理師輪班巡視。