— 安全與感染控制 · HARD · MCQ —
當病人的眼睛遭化學物質噴濺，最優先的處理措施為何？
Which action is priority when a client experiences a chemical splash to the eye?
- AApply an antibiotic ointment to prevent infection塗抹抗生素眼膏以預防感染
- BCover the eye with a sterile dressing用無菌敷料覆蓋眼睛
- CFlush the eye with copious amounts of water✓ 正解用大量清水沖洗眼睛
- DNeutralize the chemical with a buffer solution用緩衝溶液中和化學物質
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
眼部化學灼傷的急救首重「立即且大量」沖洗（Irrigation），以降低化學品濃度並帶走殘留物質。不應試圖中和化學品（D），因為中和反應產生的熱量會加重眼部傷害。沖洗應持續至少 15-20 分鐘，直到 pH 值恢復平衡。隨後才進行評估與敷藥。
First aid for ocular chemical burns emphasizes immediate and copious irrigation, which reduces the concentration of the chemical and washes away residual material. Attempting to neutralize the chemical (D) should be avoided, because the heat produced by the neutralization reaction can worsen ocular injury. Irrigation should continue for at least 15-20 minutes, until the pH returns to a balanced level. Assessment and topical treatment are then performed afterward.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台急診室處理化學噴濺的流程一致，均強調眼部沖洗座的使用，但台灣工業安全教育宣導對此情境的演練普及度仍有待提升。