— 降低風險 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師教導病人使用誘發性肺量計（Incentive Spirometer），下列哪些指導正確？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a client how to use an incentive spirometer. Which instructions are accurate? (Select all that apply.)
- AInhale slowly and deeply✓ 正解緩慢且深層地吸氣
- BHold the breath for 3 to 5 seconds✓ 正解閉氣3至5秒
- CExhale forcefully into the device用力向裝置內呼氣
- DPerform 10 repetitions every hour while awake✓ 正解清醒時每小時重複10次
- EUse the device only when feeling short of breath仅在感到呼吸困難時使用該裝置
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
誘發性肺量計的目標是擴張肺泡，預防術後肺塌陷。正確方式為慢而深的吸氣（A）、吸飽後閉氣（B）使肺泡打開。頻率需規律（D），而非僅在呼吸困難時使用。強制吐氣（C）會引起咳嗽，無助於肺部擴張。本設備是預防性治療，應規律執行。
The goal of the incentive spirometer is to expand the alveoli and prevent postoperative atelectasis. The correct technique is to inhale slowly and deeply (A) and then hold the breath after a full inhalation (B) to open the alveoli. Use should be regular (D) rather than only when dyspneic. Forced exhalation (C) provokes coughing and does not help expand the lungs. This device is a preventive treatment and must be used regularly.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國護理師常會將此設備作為術後衛教的黃金標準，台灣臨床則更依賴病人主動參與意願。