— 安全與感染控制 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
護理師照護一位空氣傳播疾病病人，應採取何種防護以防止傳染？
A nurse is caring for a client with an airborne-transmitted infection. What should be done to prevent transmission?
- APlace the client in a private room with negative pressure✓ 正解將病人安置在具有負壓的私人病房
- BRequire visitors to wear a surgical mask要求訪客佩戴外科口罩
- CPerform hand hygiene after leaving the room離開病房後進行手部衛生
- DUse a gown and gloves for all interactions在所有互動中使用隔離衣和手套
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
空氣傳播（Airborne）防護的關鍵在於負壓隔離病房（Negative pressure room），空氣經過 HEPA 過濾排出，防止懸浮微粒擴散。B、C、D 雖為輔助措施，但核心在於病房環境控制。負壓病房能有效保護院內其他病患與人員，為最基本的防護條件。
The key element of airborne precautions is placement in a negative-pressure isolation room, where air is exhausted through HEPA filtration to prevent the spread of suspended droplet nuclei. Options B, C, and D are adjunctive measures, but the core requirement is environmental control of the room. A negative-pressure room effectively protects other hospitalized patients and staff and constitutes the most fundamental level of protection.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台對負壓病房的定義與法規一致，但在醫院設計上，美國負壓病房佔比通常較高。