— 降低風險 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
護理師對病人進行華法林（Warfarin）抗凝血治療衛教，病人應避免大量攝取哪類食物？
A nurse is teaching a client about warfarin therapy. Which food should the client avoid in large amounts?
- ACitrus fruits柑橘類水果
- BDairy products乳製品
- CLeafy green vegetables✓ 正解深綠色葉菜類蔬菜
- DWhole grain cereals全穀類麥片
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
深綠色蔬菜含有豐富的維生素 K，會對抗華法林的抗凝血作用（維生素 K 為凝血因子的合成原料）。若突然大量攝取，會導致血液凝血時間縮短（INR 下降），降低治療成效。衛教重點在於「規律攝取」而非完全禁止。
Dark leafy green vegetables are rich in vitamin K, which counteracts warfarin's anticoagulant effect (vitamin K is a cofactor for clotting factor synthesis). Sudden large intake shortens clotting time (lowers INR) and reduces therapeutic effect. The teaching point is 'consistent intake' rather than complete avoidance.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國藥師在門診協助 Warfarin 調控 INR，台灣則由醫師與護理師共同衛教，病人常因對飲食認知不清導致 INR 不穩定。