— 照護管理 · HARD · SATA —
下列哪些狀況顯示護理師需要優先處理該名病人的需求？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following indicate that a nurse needs to prioritize a client's needs? (Select all that apply.)
- AA client with a new onset of altered mental status✓ 正解新出現意識狀態改變的病人
- BA client reporting severe postoperative pain主訴嚴重術後疼痛的病人
- CA client whose blood pressure is 180/110 mmHg✓ 正解血壓為 180/110 mmHg 的病人
- DA client requesting a refill of water要求補充水的病人
- EA client experiencing cardiac dysrhythmias✓ 正解經歷心律不整的病人
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
優先排序（Prioritization）遵循 ABC（Airway, Breathing, Circulation）原則與威脅生命的嚴重性。意識改變、高血壓危象（Hypertension crisis）與心律不整皆直接威脅生命安全，需立即處理。疼痛雖重要，但在危及生命狀況下需排在次位；非立即性需求（如加水）屬最低優先級。
Prioritization follows the ABC (Airway, Breathing, Circulation) principle and life-threat severity. Altered mental status, hypertensive crisis, and dysrhythmias all directly threaten life and require immediate action. Pain matters but ranks below life-threatening conditions; non-urgent requests (e.g., water refill) are the lowest priority.