— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · HARD · SATA —
護理師評估服用萬古黴素(Vancomycin)的病人,下列哪些發現顯示可能有藥物毒性?(選所有適合的)
Which assessment findings indicate potential toxicity in a client receiving Vancomycin? (Select all that apply.)
- AElevated creatinine levels✓ 正解肌酸酐值升高
- BTinnitus or hearing loss✓ 正解耳鳴或聽力喪失
- CDevelopment of a widespread rash出現廣泛性皮疹
- DHypotension and facial flushing低血壓與面部潮紅
- EElevated white blood cell count白血球計數升高
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
Vancomycin 具有腎毒性與耳毒性。肌酸酐升高(選項 A)反映腎功能受損,耳鳴或聽力喪失(選項 B)則是耳毒性的典型表徵。選項 C 與 D 雖屬於「紅人症候群」,這是給藥速度過快引起的組胺釋放反應,而非毒性累積引起的器官損害;選項 E 則是感染本身的徵象。
Vancomycin is nephrotoxic and ototoxic. Elevated creatinine (A) reflects renal damage; tinnitus or hearing loss (B) signals ototoxicity. Options C and D describe 'Red Man Syndrome,' a histamine-release reaction from rapid infusion rather than cumulative toxicity. Option E reflects the infection itself, not drug toxicity.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美方對 Vancomycin 的谷濃度(Trough level)監測有極嚴格的 protocol,台灣臨床則視各醫院感染科慣例而定。