一位接受靜脈輸注 0.9% 生理食鹽水（150 mL/hr）的病人，出現哪種徵象應引起護理師對「體液容積過負荷」的警覺？
Which of the following findings in a client receiving an IV infusion of 0.9% Normal Saline at 150 mL/hr should alert the nurse to potential fluid volume overload?
- APoor skin turgor皮膚張力差
- BDecreased blood pressure血壓降低
- CIncreased urine output尿量增加
- DCrackles upon auscultation of lung fields✓ 正解聽診肺野時出現囉音
體液容積過負荷（Fluid volume overload）發生時，過多的液體會導致血管內壓力升高，導致肺部微血管滲出液體至肺泡，聽診時出現囉音（Crackles）。這是過負荷的典型呼吸系統徵象，代表病人已無法代償輸入的液體。護理師應密切監測呼吸音、血壓、頸靜脈怒張、水腫及尿量，若發現肺囉音，應立即減慢或停止輸液並通知醫師。
In fluid volume overload, excess fluid raises intravascular pressure, forcing fluid from the pulmonary capillaries into the alveoli and producing crackles on auscultation—a classic respiratory sign of overload indicating the client cannot compensate for the infused volume. The nurse should closely monitor breath sounds, BP, JVD, edema, and urine output, and if crackles are detected, slow or stop the infusion and notify the provider.