— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
護理師準備為病人靜脈注射氯化鉀（KCl）。下列哪項安全防護措施最為關鍵？
A nurse is preparing to administer IV potassium chloride (KCl) to a patient. Which safety precaution is the most critical?
- AEnsure the patient remains NPO for 2 hours確保病人禁食（NPO）2 小時
- BCheck for vein patency by flushing with 50 mL saline以 50 mL 生理食鹽水沖洗以確認靜脈通路暢通
- CAdminister via IV push經靜脈推注給藥
- DVerify the concentration and infusion rate✓ 正解確認濃度與輸注速率
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
氯化鉀（KCl）屬於高警訊藥物（High-alert medication），其直接推注（IV push）會導致高鉀血症，進而引發致命性心律不整（如心室顫動）。臨床給藥時，必須確保極高的準確度，包括濃度稀釋比例與輸液流速（Infusion rate），通常需透過輸液幫浦（IV pump）嚴格控速，以確保藥物安全進入循環系統。
Potassium chloride (KCl) is a high-alert medication. IV push administration would cause hyperkalemia, which can lead to lethal arrhythmias such as ventricular fibrillation. Administration requires high accuracy, including correct dilution and infusion rate, and typically requires strict rate control through an IV pump to ensure the drug is safely delivered into the circulation.