— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師為服用華法林（Warfarin）的病人進行出院衛教，應包含哪些內容？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is preparing discharge instructions for a client taking Warfarin. Which of the following should be included? (Select all that apply.)
- AMaintain a consistent intake of vitamin K-rich foods✓ 正解維持維生素 K 豐富食物的攝取量一致
- BReport any unusual bruising or bleeding✓ 正解報告任何異常的瘀青或出血
- CUse a soft-bristled toothbrush to prevent gum bleeding✓ 正解使用軟毛牙刷以防止牙齦出血
- DTake an extra dose if a dose is missed by more than 4 hours若遺漏服藥超過 4 小時，請額外服用一劑
- EInform your dentist about the medication before any procedures✓ 正解在任何牙科程序前告知牙醫正在服用此藥物
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
華法林作用機制受維生素 K 影響，攝取量需穩定以保持 INR 穩定。出血徵兆需提高警覺。抗凝血治療下易有出血風險，應採取保護性措施如軟毛刷。若忘記服藥，切勿擅自加倍劑量，應詢問醫師。牙科診療前務必告知抗凝血病史以防術中出血。
Clients taking warfarin should maintain a consistent intake of vitamin K to stabilize INR levels and report signs of bleeding, such as unusual bruising. Using a soft-bristled toothbrush minimizes gum trauma, and informing dentists about anticoagulant therapy prevents excessive bleeding during procedures. Doubling a missed dose is dangerous and should never be done without provider instruction.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台皆會提供抗凝血病人專用的衛教手冊，但美國通常會給予詳細的 INR 控制目標與食譜建議。