護理師為服用 Furosemide 的病人提供出院衛教。哪項食物選擇代表病人理解補鉀需求?
The nurse provides discharge teaching for a client on Furosemide. Which food choices indicate the client understands the need for potassium?
- ABananas and spinach✓ 正解香蕉和菠菜
- BApples and pears蘋果和梨子
- CWhite bread and rice白麵包和米飯
- DChicken and turkey雞肉和火雞肉
Furosemide(Lasix)是一種強效的亨利氏環利尿劑(Loop Diuretic),其機轉是抑制腎臟對鈉、氯的重吸收,同時也會導致鉀離子大量隨尿液流失。長期服用若未補充鉀離子,病人極易發生低血鉀(Hypokalemia),進而引發心律不整、肌肉無力或抽搐。因此,出院衛教的重點在於增加飲食中的鉀攝取。護理師應指導病人識別高鉀食物,如香蕉、柑橘、菠菜、馬鈴薯、酪梨等。這屬於 NCLEX 中的「基本照護與舒適」及「藥理治療」範疇,強調病人自我管理與營養衛教的重要性。
Furosemide (Lasix) is a potent loop diuretic that causes significant potassium loss along with sodium and water. To prevent hypokalemia (which can cause arrhythmias, muscle weakness, and cramping), clients should be taught to consume potassium-rich foods such as bananas, citrus fruits, spinach, potatoes, and avocados.
在美國,這類補鉀衛教常會結合「DASH Diet(得舒飲食)」,強調高鉀、高鈣、高鎂。台灣護理師在衛教時,則常會提醒洗腎病人需限制鉀攝取,但 NCLEX 題目通常針對「心衰竭/利尿劑」情境,此時必須強調「補鉀」。