— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · SATA —
當病人對抗生素產生過敏性休克時,護理師應準備哪些藥物?(選所有適合的)
Which of the following medications should the nurse prepare to administer to a client experiencing an anaphylactic reaction to an antibiotic? (Select all that apply.)
- AEpinephrine✓ 正解腎上腺素
- BDiphenhydramine✓ 正解苯海拉明
- CMethylprednisolone✓ 正解甲基潑尼松龍
- DWarfarin華法林
- EAlbuterol✓ 正解沙丁胺醇
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
過敏性休克的緊急處置順序為:首先使用腎上腺素(Epinephrine)逆轉血管擴張與支氣管痙攣,接著使用抗組織胺(Diphenhydramine)阻斷過敏反應,類固醇(Methylprednisolone)用於預防延遲反應,支氣管擴張劑(Albuterol)處理呼吸道痙攣。Warfarin 為抗凝血劑,與過敏處置無關。
Epinephrine is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis to reverse vasodilation and bronchospasm. Diphenhydramine blocks histamine effects, methylprednisolone prevents late-phase reactions, and albuterol treats associated bronchospasm, while warfarin is unrelated to allergic management.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台美兩地在過敏性休克處理上皆高度一致,均強調『腎上腺素第一、其他藥物為輔』的黃金救治原則。