給予舌下硝化甘油（nitroglycerin）時，哪些護理措施正確？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following nursing actions are appropriate when administering nitroglycerin sublingual tablets? (Select all that apply.)
- AInstruct the client to swallow the tablet whole指示病人整片吞下藥錠
- BAdvise the client to place the tablet under the tongue✓ 正解建議病人將藥錠置於舌下
- CAssess blood pressure before and after administration✓ 正解給藥前後評估血壓
- DMonitor for reports of headache✓ 正解監測是否有頭痛報告
- EEnsure the medication is stored in a light-resistant container✓ 正解確保藥物存放在避光容器中
硝化甘油（Nitroglycerin）主要用於緩解心絞痛，透過血管擴張降低心肌耗氧量。給藥時必須確保經由舌下黏膜吸收，以繞過肝臟首渡效應（First-pass effect）並快速進入循環。護理重點在於監測血壓波動（預防過度低血壓）以及評估副作用（如頭痛）。此外，此藥對光線與熱極度敏感，保存環境不當會導致藥效喪失。
Nitroglycerin must be placed sublingually to bypass hepatic first-pass metabolism and ensure rapid absorption. As a potent vasodilator, it requires blood pressure monitoring to detect hypotension, and nurses should assess for headaches, a common side effect. Additionally, the medication is light-sensitive and must be stored in its original light-resistant container to maintain potency.
在美國，硝化甘油舌下錠通常由病人隨身攜帶。護理師需特別強調其保存期限（開瓶後通常為6個月），並教導病人若連續使用3次仍無效，應立即呼叫救護車（911），而非僅是休息。