— 基本照護與舒適 · HARD · MCQ —
護理師準備餵食一位有吞嚥困難（Dysphagia）的病人。下列哪項措施對預防吸入性肺炎最重要？
A nurse is preparing to feed a client who has dysphagia. Which intervention is the priority to prevent aspiration?
- AProvide thin liquids for easier swallowing提供稀薄液體以便吞嚥
- BEnsure the client is in a high Fowler's position✓ 正解確保病人處於高福勒氏體位（High Fowler's position）
- CUse a straw to control the volume of liquid使用吸管以控制液體攝取量
- DFeed the client as quickly as possible to reduce fatigue盡快餵食病人以減少疲勞
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
吞嚥困難病人最忌吸入氣管。高坐位（High Fowler's）利用重力幫助食團通過，是最基礎的保護措施。薄液體最易嗆入，應考慮增稠；使用吸管常會導致液體流速過快，不建議使用；餵食速度應緩慢且確認吞嚥完全，而非求快。
For dysphagia, aspiration prevention is the priority. A high Fowler's (upright) position uses gravity to direct the bolus toward the esophagus. Thin liquids are the highest aspiration risk and may need to be thickened; straws speed liquid flow and worsen the risk; rapid feeding disrupts swallow rhythm. Slow, controlled feeding with confirmation of swallow is required.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國常依賴語言治療師（SLP）進行吞嚥評估並設定飲食質地，台灣亦逐漸推行此跨專業合作。