— 健康促進與維護 · HARD · MCQ —
一位 28 歲女性計畫懷孕。護理師應優先給予下列哪項建議以預防胎兒神經管缺損？
A 28-year-old female client is planning a pregnancy. Which advice should the nurse prioritize to prevent neural tube defects?
- AStart taking a folic acid supplement daily✓ 正解开始每日服用叶酸补充剂
- BIncrease daily intake of calcium to 2000 mg将每日钙摄入量增加至 2000 mg
- CIncrease intake of vitamin C during the first trimester在怀孕初期增加维生素 C 的摄入
- DAvoid all physical activity to preserve energy避免所有体力活动以保存精力
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
懷孕初期神經管發育極快，在孕前即開始補充葉酸 (Folic Acid) 可顯著降低胎兒神經管缺損（如脊柱裂）的風險。維生素 C 雖重要但非預防神經管缺損的主角；運動並非危險因子；鈣攝取建議依孕期指標調整，過量無益。
Neural tube development progresses rapidly in early pregnancy. Initiating folic acid supplementation before conception significantly reduces the risk of fetal neural tube defects (such as spina bifida). Vitamin C is important but is not the key nutrient for preventing neural tube defects; physical activity is not a risk factor; calcium intake should be adjusted to recommended amounts for pregnancy, and excessive intake provides no benefit.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國建議計畫懷孕者全面補充葉酸；台灣在產前檢查手冊衛教中，亦極力推廣孕前葉酸補充觀念。