一位病人被處方 warfarin。護理師應在出院指導中包含下列哪些內容？（選所有適合的）
A client is prescribed warfarin. Which of the following should the nurse include in the discharge teaching? (Select all that apply.)
- AReport any unusual bleeding or bruising to your doctor.✓ 正解向醫師報告任何異常出血或瘀青。
- BAvoid consuming large amounts of vitamin K-rich foods.✓ 正解避免攝取大量富含維生素K的食物。
- CTake aspirin regularly for pain relief.定期服用阿斯匹靈以緩解疼痛。
- DEnsure regular INR monitoring as prescribed.✓ 正解遵照指示定期監測INR。
- EAvoid alcohol consumption.避免飲酒。
關於 warfarin 的出院指導應包含：報告出血/瘀青跡象 (A)、維持穩定的維生素 K 攝取 (B)（非避免）、定期監測 INR (D)。阿斯匹靈 (C) 與 warfarin 同時使用會顯著增加出血風險。酒精 (E) 適量通常可接受，但需謹慎。
Discharge teaching for warfarin should emphasize reporting unusual bleeding or bruising and ensuring regular INR monitoring to maintain therapeutic levels. Clients must be instructed to maintain a consistent intake of vitamin K-rich foods rather than avoiding them completely, as fluctuations can affect anticoagulation. Aspirin should be avoided due to increased bleeding risk, while moderate alcohol use may be permissible with caution.
美國的病人教育會強調 Warfarin 的「警訊」與「自我管理」；台灣的病人教育則可能更側重於「依從醫囑」與「定期回診」。