— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
護理師準備給予病人靜脈注射氯化鉀 (KCl) 20 mEq。在輸注前,護理師最需要確認下列哪項?
A nurse is preparing to administer IV potassium chloride (KCl) 20 mEq to a client. Which action is most important for the nurse to verify prior to infusion?
- AThe client has a patent urinary output✓ 正解病人有暢通的尿液排出
- BThe client's serum calcium level病人血清鈣濃度
- CThe client has a peripheral IV site病人具有周邊靜脈留置針
- DThe client's blood pressure is stable病人血壓穩定
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
靜脈注射鉀離子(KCl)具有潛在致命危險,必須嚴格控管。鉀離子主要透過腎臟代謝,若病人腎功能受損(如無尿或少尿),無法有效排出體內過多的鉀,極易引發高血鉀症(Hyperkalemia),進而導致致命的心律不整(如心室顫動)。因此,確保病人排尿功能正常(通常指 >30 mL/hr)是給藥前最重要的安全篩查機制。
Potassium is primarily excreted by the kidneys, so verifying adequate urinary output is essential before administration to prevent hyperkalemia. Inadequate renal function can lead to dangerous potassium accumulation, potentially causing fatal arrhythmias.
✦ 台美臨床差異
在美國,KCl 輸注受到極嚴格的監控,通常屬於高警示藥物(High-alert medication)。