— 安全與感染控制 · MEDIUM · SATA —
為預防醫療照護相關感染（HAI），護理師應採取哪些措施？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following actions should the nurse include in the plan of care to prevent a healthcare-associated infection (HAI)? (Select all that apply.)
- APerform hand hygiene before and after client contact✓ 正解在接觸病人前後執行手部衛生
- BUse aseptic technique for invasive procedures✓ 正解執行侵入性程序時使用無菌技術
- CRecap needles after use for safety使用後重新套上針蓋以確保安全
- DMaintain closed urinary drainage systems✓ 正解維持泌尿道引流系統的密閉性
- EAssess for signs of infection at IV sites✓ 正解評估靜脈導管處是否有感染跡象
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
預防 HAI 的關鍵在於阻斷微生物傳播路徑。執行手部衛生、無菌技術、維持閉合性引流管路及密切監測入侵性導管處是核心策略。重新套回針頭蓋（Recapping）已被禁止，因極易導致意外針扎受傷，增加職業暴露與感染風險。
Preventing HAI relies on breaking the chain of microbial transmission. Hand hygiene, aseptic technique, closed drainage systems, and close monitoring of invasive catheter sites are core strategies. Recapping needles is prohibited because it easily causes accidental needlestick injuries, increasing occupational exposure and infection risk.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國醫院針對針扎防治有極嚴格的 OSHA 規範，台灣目前亦強制要求使用安全針具，但執行習慣仍需持續優化。