— 安全與感染控制 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
病人被診斷為細菌性腦膜炎。護理師應採取哪種隔離防護措施？
A client is diagnosed with bacterial meningitis. Which isolation precautions should the nurse implement?
- AContact precautions接觸隔離
- BDroplet precautions✓ 正解飛沫隔離
- CStandard precautions only僅標準防護
- DAirborne precautions空氣隔離
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
細菌性腦膜炎（如腦膜炎雙球菌）是透過較大的飛沫顆粒傳播，這些顆粒通常在空氣中移動不超過 3 至 6 英呎，因此需要採取飛沫隔離（Droplet Precautions）。護理師進入病房應佩戴外科口罩。空氣隔離用於 TB 或麻疹；接觸隔離用於耐藥性細菌或腸道感染。
Bacterial meningitis (such as meningococcus) is transmitted by larger respiratory droplets that typically travel no more than 3 to 6 feet, so droplet precautions are required. The nurse should wear a surgical mask when entering the client's room. Airborne precautions are used for diseases such as TB or measles; contact precautions are used for resistant organisms or enteric infections.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國 CDC 針對腦膜炎隔離有明確的時間指引（抗生素治療 24 小時後可解除）；台灣感控多依循類似標準，但執行嚴格度依醫院而異。