一位住院病人因環境導致失眠。哪些護理措施能促進睡眠？（選所有適合的）
A client is experiencing insomnia related to hospitalization. Which nursing interventions are appropriate to promote sleep? (Select all that apply.)
- AEncourage a warm bath before bedtime✓ 正解鼓勵睡前洗個溫暖的澡
- BOffer a caffeine-containing beverage at night晚上提供含咖啡因的飲料
- CMinimize noise and light during the night✓ 正解夜晚期間減少噪音和光線
- DPerform cluster care to minimize interruptions✓ 正解執行集群護理以減少干擾
- EEncourage daytime napping to increase total sleep time鼓勵白天午睡以增加總睡眠時間
住院病人的睡眠品質常受環境干擾。促進睡眠的核心在於建立規律的晝夜節律（circadian rhythm）與減少感官刺激。護理措施應以非藥物介入為優先，透過物理性放鬆、環境控制及集中護理（cluster care）來創造有利於休息的環境。集群護理可大幅減少夜間病房活動對病人的干擾，是 NCLEX 考試中強調的關鍵安全與照護原則。
Sleep in hospitalized clients is often disrupted by the environment. Promoting sleep includes nonpharmacologic interventions: a warm bath to encourage muscle relaxation and a drop in core temperature, minimizing noise and light, and clustering care to limit interruptions. Caffeinated drinks and daytime napping disturb the sleep-wake cycle and should be avoided.
在美國臨床環境中，非常強調「Sleep Hygiene」（睡眠衛生）的衛教，且「Cluster Care」被視為護理效率與病患安全的重要指標，護理師需主動規劃排程以確保病人有連續的休息時間。